Measuring the World
When Coordinates Expire: Surveying on a Moving Continent
Precise coordinates are tied to both a reference frame and a date because tectonic plates, earthquakes, subsidence, and other…
Surveying connects us to place
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Listening to the Sky: How Surveying GNSS Finds Its Place
The receiver on a survey pole is listening to a remarkable conversation about time. Here is how satellite signals become useful positions—and why the last word still belongs to the…
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Measuring the World
Why Elevation Follows Gravity: The Geoid Beneath Every Height
GNSS measures height above a mathematical ellipsoid, but practical elevation depends on gravity, the geoid, and a physical definition…
Maps & Mapping
Surveying Beneath Ice: Mapping Continents Hidden From View
Airborne radar, satellite altimetry, GNSS, gravity, and decades of field surveys reveal the mountains, canyons, lakes, and basins concealed…
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