Measuring the World
Clocks as Surveying Instruments: Relativistic Geodesy and the Shape of Earth
Optical atomic clocks can sense differences in gravitational potential, opening a path toward measuring physical height through the rate…
Surveying connects us to place
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The receiver on a survey pole is listening to a remarkable conversation about time. Here is how satellite signals become useful positions—and why the last word still belongs to the…
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Tomorrow
Measuring the World
Optical atomic clocks can sense differences in gravitational potential, opening a path toward measuring physical height through the rate…
Measuring the World
Precise coordinates are tied to both a reference frame and a date because tectonic plates, earthquakes, subsidence, and other…
Measuring the World
GNSS measures height above a mathematical ellipsoid, but practical elevation depends on gravity, the geoid, and a physical definition…
Different perspectives
A more accurate world