Exploration & Places
Finding the Moon: Reference Frames, Optical Sights, and Apollo Navigation
How inertial platforms, optical observations, radio tracking, maps, and reference frames guided Apollo between Earth and Moon.
From the Index
Tag: Optical Instruments
Reports, histories, and working notes filed under this subject.
Surveying History
The Theodolite: How a Turning Telescope Changed Surveying
From open sights and divided circles to transits, total stations, and robotic tracking, the theodolite’s history is a story of making direction repeatable.